Deformity of the spine encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions and affects individuals in every age and demographic group. Spinal deformity has a significant and measurable impact on health-related quality of life, including pain, function, self-image, mental health, work status, and disability. Prevalence of disease, utilization of healthcare resources, impact of disease on health-related quality of life, and cost of care are useful tools for measuring the burden of deformity on our population and on our healthcare economy. The purpose of this chapter is to provide information on the burden of spinal deformity on patients and on our healthcare system.