Arthritis is one of the most common chronic conditions found in the US population. It currently affects 46 million US adults and is projected to increase 45% by 2030. It is the most common cause of disability in the United States, substantially affecting a person’s quality of life due to pain causing work and activity limitations, which subsequently affects the economy.

While significant data exists regarding sex-based differences in some musculoskeletal health conditions, the presence of these differences should be assessed for all conditions. Where differences are noted, additional research is needed to identify how sex- and gender-based differences may influence etiology and presentation of conditions. This would facilitate diagnosis, as well as tailor prevention and treatment modalities to individual patients, decrease incidence of these conditions, improve outcome, and lead to enhanced function.