Key challenges in the area of musculoskeletal health in older adults are significant. Along with the dramatic increase in the number of older adults is the expectancy that healthy adults will maintain mobility and activity. However, prolonged life expectancy and years of stress on bodies is greatly increasing the likelihood of development of arthritis and osteoporosis, among other conditions, over the years. These conditions often lead to pain, disability, and reduce the ability to remain active and perform activities of daily living. New research to address causes and reduce disability caused by conditions common in the aging population is needed.